Relative pronouns and relative clauses learnenglish. Relative pronouns are used to link two related ideas into a single sentence, thereby avoiding repetition. In identifying relative clauses, either which or that can be used to refer to things. In the english language, there are just a few relative pronouns. Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns. Note that lequel has several different forms and contractions. The relative pronouns which and that can replace the pronoun it.
We only use where or when to replace words that are not the subjects of a sentence. Relative clauses are complex sentences, and in the ielts examination writing complex sentences plays a very important role, and you also have the knowledge of using these complex sentences in the right places. English esl relative pronouns worksheets most downloaded. Relative pronouns are mostly used when combining sentences in which a word or phrase is repeated. English grammar relative clauses the boy who was playing is my brother. A relative pronoun connects a phrase to a noun pronoun. We saw in the first relative pronoun section that there are various relative pronouns that we can use to join sentences now we will consider two different types of relative clauses. They use which when it feels good and that when it sounds right, and totally come apart when trying to sort out whowhomwhose. B combine each pair of sentences with a relative clause.
Relative clause exercise 1 2 advanced relative clause exercise 3 4 intermediate pdf. Relative pronouns are used to connect a phrase or clause to a noun or pronoun. Read clear grammar explanations and example sentences to help you understand how pronouns are used. Detailed explanations of relative pronouns with examples and exercises who vs whom, which vs that, whose, whomever. Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Rc005 relative clauses combine the two sentences rc004 relative. We dont use that in nondefining relative clauses, so we need to use which if the pronoun refers to a thing, and who if it refers to a person.
Possessive, relative and indefinite pronouns keywords. Relative clauses function as subordinate or dependent clauses and therefore. A relative pronoun is one which is used to refer to nouns mentioned. Even though relative pronouns can be used to connect clauses, they are not the same as conjunctions. Relative pronouns relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. Defining and nondefining relative clauses english grammar. An indefinite pronoun doesnt refer to anything specific. The relative pronouns may act as a subject, direct object, object of the. The sentence in italics should become the relative clause, and the relative pronoun is the object. A relative pronoun is one which is used to refer to nouns mentioned previously, whether they are people, places, things, animals, or ideas. The following exercises will help you gain greater understanding about how pronouns work.
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. In formal english the preposition is placed before the relative pronoun, which must then be put into the. Grammar quiz relative clauses complete these sixteen sentences to score your knowledge of relative clauses. Free printable pdf grammar worksheets, quizzes and games, from a to z, for eflesl teachers. Relative pronouns exercise, fill in who or which free grammar exercise. We use whose as the possessive form of who this is george. Relative clauses b1 pdf worksheets english practice.
A collection of english esl worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about relative, pronouns, relative. Combine the following sentences using an appropriate relative pronoun. A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. We will discuss exactly what is a relative pronoun, learn how to identify a relative pronoun, look at a list of relative pronouns, and some examples of relative pronouns as they are used in sentences. A relative clause is also known as a dependent clause or subordinate clause. Pronoun exercises exercise english pronouns ginger.
Mar 12, 2016 complete the following sentences using appropriate relative pronouns. Grammar and mechanics understanding relative clauses a relative or adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and is introduced by a relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, or that or occasionally a relative adverb usually when, where, or why. Relative pronouns online exercises english grammar. The relative pronoun we use depends on what we are referring to and the type of relative clause. Using pronouns pronouns are words that replace nouns so that you dont need to repeat the same noun several times in a text e. Home english grammar exercises pronouns exercises relative pronouns exercises 2 print exercises and lessons. It is called a relative pronoun because it relates to the word that its relative clause modifies. Grammar and mechanics understanding relative clauses. Relative pronouns used in defining relative clauses. Grammar nouns, pronouns and determiners pronouns relative pronouns. The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, that, why, when. We cant drop the relative pronoun in this kind of clause, even if the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause. When whom or which have a preposition, the preposition can come at the beginning of the clause.
Notice their relationship with the subjunctive in spanish. For exercises, you can reveal the answers first submit worksheet and print the page to have the exercise and the answers. This is the building which is going to be demolished. English relative pronouns, definition and examples table of contents relative pronounsrelative pronoun modifying the object of the sentencerelative pronoun modifying the object of the sentencerelative pronoun modifying possessionrelative pronoun modifying timerelative pronoun modifying place relative pronouns relative pronouns is the phrase that makes an additional explanation about a word in. Who, whom, and whose function as interrogative pronouns and relative. Relative clauses learnenglish teens british council. They specify a noun or pronoun in the main clause and are necessary.
The information is essential in order to understand what or who is being referred to. If the previous sentence makes no sense to you, learn about clauses before working on this lesson. Relative pronouns adjective clauses whose vs of which vs of whom subject exercises. As a student of advanced english grammar you also need to know the following relative pronouns. Its a traffic warden putting a parking ticket on my car and i havent any money to pay the fine ill have to pay. There is a girl in my class whose family emigrated from india. Interrogative and relative pronouns who, whom, and. Interrogative pronouns are pronouns that are used only in reference to a question who, what, which, whom, whose. Relative pronouns, definition and examples english grammar here. Pronouns have different forms for the different ways we use them. Page 1 of our free relative pronouns pdf lesson plans and worksheets for english language teachers, complete with answers and teachers notes. The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause.
Like any pronoun, relative pronouns are substituted for nouns and other pronouns that functions as subjects or objects in a sentence. In this example, the pronoun he is referring back to the noun antecedent boy. Choose a topic and start improving your english grammar today. Like its english counterpart, a french relative pronoun links a dependent or relative clause to a main clause.
Nondefining relative pronouns subject object possessive for people who whomwho whose for things which which whose of which nondefining relative clauses. The relative or interrogative pronoun who also exhibits case. A relative pronoun refers to a noun which was previously mentioned in the sentence, and connects a relative clause to an independent clause. I bought my first car ten years ago, when i was a salesman. Relative pronouns or relative adverbs link adjective clauses with the word in the independent clause that the adjective clause modifies. Relative clauses are typically introduced by relative pronouns, and that the relative pronoun can function as a possessive pronoun, an object, or a subject. English grammar relative clauses relative clauses introduction there are two types of relative clauses. A relative pronoun introduces a clause that describes a previously mentioned noun, which is called the antecedent. The computer started up but then it crashed because it is old. Most english speakers use relative pronouns every day, though they may not understand what are relative pronouns. Work with your teacher to more clearly understand how to use this grammar. Pronouns that end in self or selves are called reflexive pronouns.
Possessive, relative and indefinite pronouns worksheet. When we combine these two clauses into one, the relative pronoun should replace the object pronoun them. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. Then, put your grammar knowledge into practice by doing the exercises. The sun whose rays sustain life on earth is regarded as a god. These describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns. On the other hand, a conjunctions one and only role is to connect two clauses. Personal pronouns, possessive determiners, possessive pronouns. Relative pronouns grammar topic, page 1 esl lesson plans. We use the relative pronouns to connect clauses together, like the man who sold the world is coming over for dinner. Here is relative pronouns list, meanings and example sentences. Before you can use french relative pronouns correctly, you first need to understand the grammar behind them. Interrogative and relative pronouns who, whom, and whose function as interrogative pronouns and relative pronouns.
Pronouns, personal and possessive, english grammar materials for teaching and learning english. Possessive, relative and indefinite pronouns worksheet author. Thats right, which is used for things never for people. The personal relative pronouns who, whom, and whose also introduce either restrictive no comma or nonrestrictive commas clauses.
Which relates to animals and objects this is the cake which mary made. I had an uncle in germany, from whom i inherited a bit of money. Like personal pronouns, interrogative and relative pronouns change form according to how they function in a question or in a clause. Whom relates to people object i know the boy whom sits next to you. Relative clauses practice relative pronouns exercise 1 2 3 who vs which exercise 1 2 3 which or where exercise drag and drop exercises. The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, that.
The gym, which was very crowded today, is closed tomorrow. English practice downloadable pdf grammar and vocabulary worksheets. Relative pronouns are pronouns that are used to connect clarifying information to nouns or other pronouns within a sentence who, that, which. Relative pronouns in english, meaning and example sentences meaning example sentences who relates to people subject the musician who wrote this song is french. We bought a chainsaw, with which we cut up all the wood. That, which, who, whom, and whose amber, igor, and miss hamrick must have had a bad night when they concocted relative pronouns. So when do we use the relative pronouns where and when.
A relative or adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and is introduced by a relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, or that or occasionally a relative. A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about. The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative. Relative clausesthe movie that i bought at the store was about a lion. A pacifist is a person believes that all wars are wrong. Personal pronouns words like i, me, my, we, our, us, you, your, he, she, him, his, her, and on and on exhibit case, gender, and number.
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